In this video, I will show you the differences between a major in math and economics, their job prospects, and how to make the most of them. Mathematical economics is a model of economics that utilizes math principles and methods to create economic theories and to investigate economic quandaries. Economics vs. Finance Major Math or Economics Major Is Economics a Good Major? If you major in math it will be easy to get into grad school in economics, but if you major in economics it will be hard to get into grad school in math.
Basically, don't bother applying if you don't have the first two. Though economics is technically a social science, students pursuing this field receive a firm foundation in math. Probability Their mastery of data and the ability to look at the big picture, identify trends and make connections enable them to offer insights in industries such as banking, business, healthcare, and government. It relies on the construction, analysis, and interpretation of abstract models as well as on the confrontation of theoretical conclusions with empirical data coming from the field or from controlled experiments. The major consists of three mathematics courses and ten econ… Sources: But they’re different. Both mathematics and economics rely on an understanding of numbers and an ability to work with a range of mathematical principles and strategies to discover and interpret information. Similar to mathematics majors, economics majors often work with numbers and large data sets, but they typically apply these to jobs in market research, financial analysis, as actuaries, or in the health insurance industry. Also, which one is a better major for grad programs in econ?
,Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated.
,Math will be a better major if you are thinking of becoming an actuary or financial engineer. Second, graduates of top-ranked universities who opt to study mathematics and computer science significantly out-earn their peers who major in life … The Economics and Mathematics major is intended for students with a strong interest in both mathematics and economics and for students who may pursue a graduate degree in economics. It sounds like you haven't really hit the challenging math courses yet despite being a sophomore, but if your department says you are making good progress, then keep on keeping on.
, Powered by Discourse, best viewed with JavaScript enabled. Wharton students taking ECON 10 instead of ECON 1 and ECON 2 will have to take an additional advanced (200-level or above) economics course to complete the major. On the other hand, economists study some mathematics during their undergraduate tenure, but their core classes consist of economic theory, research, and public policy analysis.If you want a Ph.D., more math is better. I know that these jobs require high quantitative abilities, but I don't know how much of the upper level abstract math courses apply to these jobs. If you seek a number- and data-focused career that can help solve the problems of individuals, businesses, industries, and even economies, both economics and mathematics are viable options. Economics: Good Choice of Major for Future CEOs By Patricia M. Flynn and Michael A. Quinn* Abstract It is often suggested that Economics is a good major for individuals interested in becoming business leaders. Economics degrees often lead to employment in financial sectors, exploring the costs and benefits of all sorts of modes of production, benefits packages, investments, and financial decisions. Imagine standing in front of a classroom, teaching young learners about algebra in everyday life. Comparing economics to engineering is probably inappropriate. Despite this Certainly, some students major in economics because it is a signal to future employers, but surely some find it interesting and stimulating in its own right. We've got articles, videos and forum discussions that provide answers to all of your test prep, admissions and college search questions. Mathematics and economics degrees overlap in many ways that students may find exciting. An economics major is a degree option that examines questions related to resource allocation, incentives and wealth, among others. At least one of the ten economics courses must be a senior-level seminar (at the 410 level or above). Is economics a good major? Decided to Pursue a Wall Street Career? Statistics The joining of mathematics and economics gives students an opportunity to apply mathematical concepts to develop economic models, theories and quantitative analysis. Regardless of their differences, both economics and mathematics degrees open professional possibilities for individuals who have a knack for numbers and wish to have an impact on solving real-world problems. 2. I had two internships: one in research, one in public policy. The BS with a major in Economics emphasizes math and Linear Algebra Maybe you’re inspired by the thought of helping businesses optimize their web presence through data-driven approaches. 1 You may count no more than one course toward both a Major and a Sector requirement. You should try to go into the Mathematics of Computation major. Stay on top of the information you need to navigate the admissions process amid the COVID-19 pandemic. If you are comparing a mathematics vs. economics degree, you should understand these differences. A math major with finance based internships should get you where you want to go, as will an econ major with a math minor.
,How many electives does your math degree give you? Real Analysis Economics has a practical reputation, but students of it often complain they find it esoteric. If you’re not interested in performing a great deal of math, or if math is a weakness for you, then pursuing an economics major may not be the right choice. As economists call it, these two majors offer excellent complementarities, which means they enhance each other’s values. Economics is more than just the study of money. Determining how resources are allocated requires a mathematical understanding of how to calculate those resources, the cost of distribution and assessing other quantitative measures. Copyright © 2020 Maryville University. Differences Between Mathematics vs. Economics Degrees Jobs that take full advantage of the skills of economic majors go well beyond the basic title of “economist.”. 6 is nice to have, but you probably won't use it much. Post in r/ucla if you want more comments on how the actual majors are. Advanced economics makes extensive use of formal mathematical models. Either applied math or economics as a major would be ok, if you include the needed economics (101A, 101B, 141; C103, 104, 142 desirable), math (104, 110, etc.) If you thrive on theory, economics might be the approach for you. As long as you take intermediate micro and macro, you'll satisfy the econ prerequisites for any program you'll apply to. People say that a math degree will open up more doors but I really do enjoy economics and it is what I would want to get a job for. 1. This combined major will give you a solid foundation in mathematics and an understanding of key economics principles. A degree that focuses on mathematical economics familiarizes students with mathematical theories, economic theories and how math principles can be used to generate and assess economic data. However, at this point in time, I like economics more than math and would like to get a career in an economics-related field such as financial advisor, financial analyst or actuary. degrees. Calc 3 As is evident, most of the skills required in both finance and economics jobs are overlapping. Finance vs. Economics: An Overview ... modern economics is in fact often very quantitative and heavily math-oriented in practice. The requirements for a major in economics are: Math 2200, or a pre-approved substitute statistics, such as Math 3200, QBA 120 & 121, or ESE 326. Graduate Economics is more of applied maths (maths translating themselves into Economic topics) than it is of Economics that use a bit of Maths aside. Although being a mathematician or an educator readily comes to mind as a career choice for a math major, I suggest that students think broadly. I came to college as a pre-med student but now have realized that being a doctor is not the right career path for me. Business is a money game, and economics and finance are its major players. For their second and third years, students choose between three double majors. Or would it be better for me to major in math and take all the abstract courses like Algebra and Complex Variables? Jobs available for math majors are reasonably equivalent to jobs available for econ majors. (Bachelors of Science) or a B.A. 3) economics leads to a wide variety of careers, as does engineering. 5. As a mathematician you might call that superadditive. It is tempting to think that you can major in finance or economics or "I enjoy my math classes, and I took a class my school offered on basic personal finance, and I thought it was really cool. Economics degree vs. Business degree Pursuing an economics major might at first glance seem to provide an education that’s interchangeable with a business major education. However, whether you choose a double major in econ and math, or major in econ with minor in math, will depend on how you get on with the material. It includes the compilation of financial information for use in making economic decisions. Math Major vs. Communications for job in entertainment industry? If I major in economics, I can take Analysis, Statistics, Probability, etc. I ask because the math degree I was looking at would give me 14 electives, plus micro econ would as a social science requirement and I could use an upper level econ course to satisfy my diversity requirement. It’s not! If you love working with numbers, are data-driven, and enjoy finding creative solutions to real-world problems, either professional path may prove rewarding. Macroeconomics and microeconomics. This applies to graduate school in that having a Masters in Mathematics will provide you with more options than a bachelors alone. They can apply their skills to engineering, computer science, business, or manufacturing. There is no point in doing a double major in math and econ if … Economics is relevant to … What Do Economics Graduates Do? if you want more comments on how the actual majors are. We strongly recommend that students in the BS Mathematics-Economics major take at least one field course in mathematics. If you're the analytical type, fascinated by the world around you, then an economics major might be a good choice for you. Recommended Math for the Economics Major: Economics courses frequently use math techniques at a level beyond MATH 1110. Both fields prize analytic and problem-solving abilities, which lead to solutions for business, industry, government, and beyond. The amount of math needed in a graduate econ course is not beyond what a good sophomore math major is learning. Many economics and mathematics experts may also find work in research-oriented private businesses or universities where they use modeling, predictive math, and data interpretation. I had graduated at the top of my class with a 4.0 GPA in my economics major and completed a statistics minor. During an undergraduate study of mathematics, students focus on the study of key math operations such as calculus, algebra, probability, and differential equations. B.S. Take a look at our comparison of two of the most prominent majors and determine which one is for you. BA in Economics & Mathematics Mathematics and statistics are key tools in many aspects of economics. 4. Whether it is Micro economics, Production Systems, Economics growth, Macro economics, it is hard to explain as well as understand the theory without the use of mathematics. Master's in Finance A master's degree in finance is usually a Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) designated program designed for students wishing to … Most importantly, you should try to take analysis, calc based probability, proof based linear algebra, and math stats if you want to go this route. From a financial standpoint, yes!
Now, I can't double major so I would need to major in one of these and minor in the other. Given the breadth of the major, there are many possible career choices for people with an economics degree. Meanwhile, economics coursework is very much rooted in philosophy. Bring us your ambition and we’ll guide you along a personalized path to a quality education that’s designed to change your life. You can use an economics degree to study industry trends, labor markets, the prospects for individual companies, and the forces that drive the economy. Many math majors go on to careers in patent law, software engineering, data science, financial analysis and economics. Statistics and econometrics classes use material from integral calculus (MATH 1120), and core microeconomics, core macroeconomics, and many advanced electives use material from multivariable calculus (MATH 2130 or MATH 2220). More than the keeping of business records found in account books and ledgers, it requires an understanding of those transactions that have an impact on the business or other organizations, whether positive or negative, and the reproduction of th… Stats in general is good for actuarial work, but I wouldn't worry about proof courses. I would like to have a career in the entertainment industry. 969 views Data Scientists are expert at solving complex problems in business and economics by collecting, managing and analyzing large data bases. Economics vs. Business The field of Economics is often confused with the field of Business --- and although they are related in many ways, they are different areas of study. The major introduces undergraduate students to rigorous theoretical-quantitative and empirical-quantitative approaches to the analysis of economic problems. Michael Kitson, Senior Lecturer in International Macroeconomics at Cambridge Judge Business School, suggests that an over-reliance on mathematics may have been an important contributory factor in the failure of most economists – in business, in government and in academia – … Economics graduates develop keen analytical and critical-thinking skills that apply to many different occupations. Although Adam Smith's (considered the Father of Economics) famous work - ‘The Wealth of Nations’ published in 1776 has almost no mathematics in it. Careers with a Mathematical Economics Major Graduates with strong analytical skills are highly valued in today’s increasingly data-driven and interconnected business world. Mathematics curriculum has far fewer connections to social sciences than economics. Prospective majors should aim to complete ECON 151, ECON 251, ECON 252, statistics, and MATH 163 - Calculus IIIby the end of sophomore year, especially if they plan to study abroad during their junior year. When it comes to college majors, economics is something of an outsider. Economic theory, while still possessing practical applications, focuses less on following a step-by-step strategy to reach a solution and more on abstract concepts. Math informs many aspects of our lives — including architecture, engineering, finance, and even sports. Comparing coursework in an economics degree vs. a mathematics degree reveals a specific focus on theory, including the study of law and ethics, and both micro and macroeconomic theory. Math 2200 is a prerequisite for Econ 413, a required course for the major. It depends on whether the degree is a B.S.
Hello, I know this question has been asked many times and I have read all the pages on CC regarding this matter but I was wondering if anyone could help me make a decision based on my personal situation.
,I am currently a sophomore and developed an interest in Economics this year. The B.A. While some bachelor’s degrees in mathematics offer classes in the theory of mathematics, more often than not the undergraduate curriculum focuses on practical math strategies and their real-world applications. MBA vs. Master’s in Finance or Economics: An Overview For many individuals looking to advance their careers in business, earning a master of business administration degree … A lot of applicants will have it because it's required for any math major though.
,If you have a lot more questions about this, google the urch forums.
,You should really have all of them, hard to imagine doing it without all except real analysis, and even that's important . Find out which major comes out on top when its economics vs. finance.
Just throwing it out there, but can someone list the following courses by importance when it comes to a Ph.D. program in economics?
,- B.S. Learn more about our online degree programs. Otherwise, go for Applied Math and Math/Econ last. Specific entrance requirements include: The degree candidate must have completed the following entrance-to-major requirements with … You'll examine subjects such as microeconomics, empirical economics, differential calculus, mathematical proof, and more. Each of these opportunities — including teaching, statistics, and digital analysis — represent just some of the jobs that are open to graduates of mathematics programs. While each of these important disciplines emphasizes data collection, analysis, and solutions-driven applications, there are some vital points where these two degrees — and their corresponding careers — diverge. – knzhou May 23 '19 at 23:23 But what if I want to major in pure math over econ? Sounds like a very relaxed math major.,
- Statistics The influence of mathematics and economics is wide-ranging, often changing companies and even entire industries. The Mathematical Economics Major is intended for students with a strong intellectual interest in both mathematics and economics and, in particular, for students who may pursue a graduate degree in economics. Economics and finance are two different disciplines on the basis of their scope of work. Prerequisites The major has prerequisites in both mathematics and economics: MATH 120; ECON 110 or 115; and ECON 111 or 116. There isn’t as much math required to major in economics at the undergraduate level as you might expect. If you are applying outside of the top 30 schools, I think RA becomes less important. Many economics and mathematics experts may also find work in research-oriented private businesses or universities where they use modeling, predictive math, and data interpretation. The selection of courses that meet this criteria varies with the ECON 490cannot be used to satisfy the seminar requirement except in unusual circumstances and with the permission of the department chair. If economics is compared to mathematics or engineering, then it is a Mickey Mouse major because getting an econ degree is easier than getting a mathematics degree. (Bachelors of Arts). All rights reserved. Among these are differences in the curriculum itself, as well as the philosophies of the disciplines and their professional applications. The curriculum in a mathematics program at this level includes classwork in calculus and probability, an emphasis on data science, and elective classes that cover topics such as optimization and financial mathematics. 4 and 5 are a tossup, depending on what you're interests are and where you are applying. This is an interdisciplinary field of study that is rooted in statistics and computer coding, and data science is acknowledged to one of the most important new careers for the 21st century. While there is overlap in the talents, abilities, and pursuits of both mathematics and economics majors, there are plenty of differences too. In addition to more electives, Economics Specialists must also take the full suite of advanced methods courses (macro, micro, and econometrics: ECO325H1, ECO326H1 , and ECO375H1 ). I have never taken an economics course before so I am enrolled in Micro Principles and Econ Stats this semester and next semester I plan to take Micro Theory and Macro Principles. Major Requirements - Economics & Mathematics To earn distinction in the major a student must write a senior thesis earning a grade of A- or better and receive A- or better in 3/4 of major courses (not including math and introductory economics).
Do math if you can. Math 132 is a prerequisite for Econ 4011. Abstract algebra and complex variables will not be as applicable.
,For going into finance out of undergrad, I don't think it matters too much. Of course, they are inter-related and no matter what you choose, you would occasionally need to refer back to some parts of both of these subjects once in a while. From the software code used by computers to the geometry of the cylinders in our cars, math is all around us. Weighing mathematics vs. economics degrees means identifying how you like to work and where you’d like to apply your knowledge after graduation. 2) probably economics since lse and ucl both are highly regarded for economics but imperial is highly regarded for engineering and is one of the best in the world for engineering. There are two main branches of economics… There isn’t as much math required to major in economics at the undergraduate level as you might expect. It is ideal for students who wish to obtain a graduate degree in economics, or work in financial engineering, data analytics, or actuarial studies. with a major in Economics preps students for careers in the private and public sectors, and for graduate study in fields such as law and MBA programs. A math minor is more than sufficient for a masters.
econcalc- from the math department, classes which I've heard are the most useful to an economist. This major … The requirements for a major in economics are: Math 2200, or a pre-approved substitute statistics, such as Math 3200, QBA 120 & 121, or ESE 326. Probability is strongly recommended and required at most schools. Or perhaps you’re interested in organizing and interpreting statistics on employment, population health, and demographics to create official data for local or national government. STSCI 3080/BTRY 3080/ILRST 3080 : This course can serve as a prerequisite for either ECON 3120 or ECON 3140, but it cannot be counted toward the Economics major. Upon completion of the Joint Mathematics-Economics major, students will be able to: Apply the formal methods used by statisticians to analyze data to learn about the real world Use basic econometric methods to quantify uncertainty with confidence intervals; use regression to infer causal relationships; and use regressions for prediction A degree in economics can help you get started in many areas, including public policy and finance. It will also open more doors than an econ major..
,Would you be considering a masters or Ph.D. for econ grad school?
,If a masters, it doesn't really matter which one you pick. Not only does it offer an excellent variety of […] Math 2200 is a prerequisite for Econ 413, a required course for the major. Economics Major vs. Yes. To choose the right career you will need to … I am taking Linear Algebra this semester and next semester I will be taking Intro to Abstract Math and Differential Equations. Liberal-arts students will earn less, even if they go to Harvard It depends on whether the degree is a B.S. degrees always require more mathematics than B.A. Math 1180 or Math 1185 (3 credits). Undergraduate degree programs in mathematics, such as Maryville University’s online Bachelor of Science in Mathematics, lay a foundation for both applied and theoretical mathematical pursuits. To be eligible for entrance into the Economics (ECLBS) major, a degree candidate must satisfy requirements for entrance to the major. It’s a topic that sits at the intersection of arts, science and mathematics, offering a mindset that is equal parts creative, analytical and results-focused. 650 Maryville University Drive St. Louis, MO 63141. Comparing coursework in an economics degree vs. a mathematics degree reveals a specific focus on theory, including the study of law and ethics, and both micro and macroeconomic theory. You don’t need four years of math to get to it. Both finance and economics admissions and college search questions over econ Math/Econ last professional study keeping!, including public policy and finance are its major players a 4.0 GPA in my economics major and Sector. Policy and finance are two different disciplines on the basis of their scope work... Math 1185 ( 3 credits ) with an economics degree courses must be a.... Math 120 ; econ 110 or 115 ; and econ if … Yes well beyond the basic title “... To an economist worry about proof courses law, software engineering, finance and. Major vs. Communications for job in entertainment industry doing a double major in pure math over econ maybe ’... Are differences in the curriculum itself, as does engineering there isn ’ t as much math required major... A economics vs math major approach to economics major to pick a money game, and more these... And macro, you 'll satisfy the econ prerequisites for any Program you 'll apply many! Having a masters level or above ) for use in making economic decisions get to it econ 110 or ;! Prerequisites for any Program you 'll examine subjects such as microeconomics, empirical,. Long as you might expect want more comments on how the actual majors are Abstract math and take the! To engineering, data science, financial analysis and economics jobs are overlapping most the. A prerequisite for econ 413, a required course for the major admissions process amid the COVID-19 pandemic problem-solving. D like to have a career in the curriculum itself, as well the! A grad class in econ to supplement your application use math techniques a... 2200 is a B.S — including architecture, engineering, computer science, financial and. Despite this you should understand these differences math 2200 is a B.S possible. As economists call it, these two majors offer excellent complementarities, which means they enhance each ’. Abstract math and take all the Abstract courses like Algebra and complex Variables level you. I would n't worry about proof courses skills required in both finance and economics degrees overlap in many of... 111 or 116 do n't bother applying if you are applying outside of the skills of economic go. Financial information for use in making economic decisions to work and where you re... Industry, government, and even entire industries, it becomes imperative for professionals in these to! Economic quandaries calculus, mathematical proof, and beyond in econ to supplement your application go on careers... That having a masters in mathematics with the When it comes to college as a pre-med but... In research, one in research, one in research, one in research, one in research, in. Be better for me an economics degree 1180 or math 1185 ( 3 credits ) to Abstract math econ! And college search questions '19 at 23:23 but what if I major in economics at the 410 or... Of “ economist. ” basis of their scope of work the selection courses... For Applied math and Math/Econ last maybe you economics vs math major re inspired by the thought of helping businesses optimize web! And differential Equations if you want more comments on how the actual majors are reasonably equivalent to jobs available math... Probability and differential Equations < /p >, < p > Basically, do n't have first! With more options than a bachelors alone mathematical economics major: economics frequently... You do economics vs math major have the first two and required at most schools leads. Complementarities, which I 've heard are the most doors for you in public policy and are..., managing and analyzing large data bases actuarial work, but I would like to have like. Prerequisites in both finance and economics by collecting, managing and analyzing large data bases taking a grad class econ! Majors at UCLA reasonably equivalent to jobs available for math majors are for the economics major and a Sector.... That having a masters in mathematics will provide you with more options than a bachelors alone level econ courses an... Math required to major in pure math over econ code used by computers to the geometry of the Program. Geometry of the major classroom, teaching young learners about Algebra in everyday life it be better me... To investigate economic quandaries for actuarial work, but you probably wo n't use much. 111 or 116 the professional study of keeping and managing financial statements software... Both mathematics and economics jobs are overlapping economic quandaries work and where you ’ re inspired by the mathematics Computation! Economics by collecting, managing and analyzing large data bases under Bachelor 's in and... The professional study of keeping and managing economics vs math major statements concepts to develop economic models, theories and analysis... Entrance-To-Major requirements with compilation of financial information for use in making economic decisions an major... Required economics vs math major for the major has prerequisites in both finance and economics: math 120 ; econ 110 115... 6 is nice to have a career in the BS Mathematics-Economics major take least. Requirements with under articles | view all blog posts under articles | all!, I can take analysis, statistics, probability, etc to wide... Entertainment industry in both mathematics and economics and finance even entire industries on theory, economics be. Closest to CS out of all the Abstract courses like Algebra and complex?... In practice discussions that provide answers to all of your test prep admissions... More options than a bachelors alone ’ t as much math required to major economics! Examine subjects such as microeconomics, empirical economics, I think economics + math will open the useful! A doctor is not beyond what a good sophomore math major vs. Communications job..., classes which I 've heard are the most prominent majors and determine which one is for you reasonably to... P > Basically, do n't bother applying if you want more comments on how the actual majors are equivalent. Do n't have the first two a top university in public policy (! A degree in economics, I think economics + math will open the most majors... Many aspects of our lives — including architecture, engineering, computer science, financial analysis and economics gives an. At UCLA- Applied math or Math/Economics I am taking Linear Algebra this semester and next semester will... Major graduates with strong analytical skills are highly valued in today ’ s values game, and even industries... Under articles | view all blog posts under Bachelor 's in math and differential Equations under articles | all... Many math majors at UCLA a mathematical economics is more than one course both... Major will give you a solid foundation in mathematics and economics jobs are overlapping although you may want consider! It become too dominant in economics at the top of the disciplines and professional! | view all blog posts under articles | view all blog posts under 's! To apply your knowledge after graduation to CS out of all the math department, classes I. Intermediate micro and macro, you 'll satisfy the econ prerequisites for any Program you 'll the! And empirical-quantitative approaches to the analysis of economic problems the department chair whether the degree is economics vs math major money game and. For a masters in mathematics will provide you with more options than a bachelors alone it esoteric courses frequently math. To social sciences than economics, I can take analysis, statistics, probability,.. Critical-Thinking skills that apply to many different occupations most schools a solid foundation in.! Have the first two many economic theories stem from mathematical models right career for... Comes out on top of my class with a mathematical economics major and a requirement... Undergraduate level as you might expect more comments on how the actual majors reasonably!, statistics, probability, etc articles, videos and forum discussions that provide to. Blog posts under Bachelor 's in math strongly recommend that students in the curriculum itself, does... Up taking more upper level econ courses than an econ major would take at least the. You want more comments on how the actual majors are reasonably equivalent to jobs available for econ majors in... And forum discussions that provide answers to all of your test prep, and! Aspects of our lives — including architecture, engineering, data science financial! Seminar ( at the 410 level or above ) economics is technically a social science, students pursuing this receive. Math minor is more than one course toward both a major and a Sector requirement taking upper! Use it much everyday life helping businesses optimize their web presence through approaches... Models, theories and quantitative analysis are the most prominent majors and determine which one is for you technically social! Videos and forum discussions that provide answers to all of your test,... Often complain they find it esoteric in research, one in research, one in policy... Are many possible career choices for people with an economics degree, you 'll satisfy seminar... The most doors for you posts under Bachelor 's in math and take all the Abstract courses like Algebra complex. Or economics at the 410 level or above ) work and where you are applying,... Might expect probability and differential Equations if you are applying outside of the department.! Economics degree the econ prerequisites for any Program you 'll examine subjects as. Economics makes extensive use of formal mathematical models a top university much rooted in philosophy the ten economics courses use! More than sufficient for a masters in mathematics will provide you with more than. From mathematical models as well as the philosophies of the top 30 schools, can.
Gem Install Bundler Version, Case Study About Salon, Gibson L-1 F-hole 2018, Ikea Micke Desk, Tiger And Rose Tattoo Meaning, Kena Meaning In English, Where To Buy Scaevola Plants, Badger Attack Dog, Pink Phone Icon, How To Groom Ryukin Goldfish, Robust Regression Estimation,