Migrants. people (of the population) are partially vaccinated. […] Ukraine has experienced acute political, security, and economic challenges during the past seven years. It is the world's second-largest country by total area. The arithmetic density of Ukraine: 79 people per square kilometers. New documentary tells the story of Ukrainians' role in Canada's war effort. Canada welcomed roughly 340,000 new permanent residents in 2019, the highest number in more than a century. Correctional Service of Canada (CSC), provincial and territorial correctional services. Chart and table of Ukraine life expectancy from 1950 to 2021. By 1911 the population of Ukrainian origin in the province had reached 22,276; this represented 29.5% of the total number of Ukrainian residents of Canada, but only 4.5% of the total population … In 1981, the major Ukrainian-Canadian urban centers included Edmonton (63,000, 10 percent of the city's population), Winnipeg (59,000, 10 percent), and Toronto (51,000, 2 percent). The capital of Ukraine is Kyiv and the River Dnipro runs through it. 51 692. The under- twelve demographic is also quite populous, but the older segment of the population is much smalller. The minimum wage in Canada is set by each province and territory; ranges from C$ 9.95 to C$11.00 per hour. February 8, 2020 Blogs, UkrainianWinnipeg 1,113 Views. Infoplease knows the value of having sources you can trust. Russian women born from 2010 to 2015 are expected to live to age 75.6, while Russian men are expected to live to age 64.2, a gap of 11.4 years. Population and Vital Statistics Report (various years), (3) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, (4) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, (5) Secretariat of the Pacific Community: Statistics and Demography Programme, and … The GDP value of Ukraine represents 0.13 percent of the world economy. 10% more than Canada Canada The Human Capital Index (HCI) database provides data at the country level for each of the components of the Human Capital Index as well as for the overall index, disaggregated by gender. (Ukrainians in Saskatchewan, Canada) 1945-1947: Discrimination and murders of Ukrainian population in Poland by Polish army and police. The community, built over four waves of … For further details on visas and work permits, please contact the Embassy of Ukraine to Canada. By 1914, about 170,000 Ukrainians had entered Canada, and about 20-25% of the Ukrainian-Canadian population was in Alberta. ; Ukraine 2020 population is estimated at 43,733,762 people at mid year according to UN data. Most sought refuge in western Europe, the United States, Canada, or Australia. In 2018, Canada had a population density of about 4 people per square kilometer. Although eighty percent of the Ukraine’s land was part of the Russian empire, most Ukrainians that landed on Canada’s shores during this period were from the western portion, then under Austrian rule. In 1989 statistics showed Ukrainian spoken as a native language by 87 percent of the population, with 12 percent of Ukrainians claiming Russian as their native language. The Internment of Ukrainians in Quebec During the First World War Peter Melnycky. Canada ranks 38th by population, comprising about 0.5% of the world's total, with over 38 million Canadians as of 2020. Other indicators visualized on maps: (In English only, for now) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19) So without further ado, the 3 best Ukrainian dating sites to … Since 1947, Canada has welcomed Chinese immigrants with open arms. Canada refugee statistics for 2018 was 114,101.00, a 8.91% increase from 2017. Saskatoon is the largest city in Saskatchewan with a population of 253,000. Also check out our website just for ranking top lists with best, worst, and most of everything: ShareRanks.com. Ukraine and Canada living comparison. This rather unimpressive number looks much more substantial when stated in absolute terms - approximately 900,000. Posted by Andy Rodriguez Email ThisBlogThis!Share to TwitterShare to FacebookShare to Pinterest Labels Ukrainian, Ukrainian Canadian Will Putin move for a full-scale invasion of Ukraine? ; Ukraine population is equivalent to 0.56% of the total world population. There are sizable Ukrainian diasporas in many Canadian cities. Academician Yuri Kondufor, Director of the Institute of History , Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, in September 1984 gave for the first time precise statistics of Ukrainian population losses in World War II. The nine Wildrose MLAs who wrote a post comparing the NDP's proposed carbon tax to the genocide of millions of Ukrainians in the 1930s have apologized. In 2016, the number of residents declined to 42,5 million, according to the official government statistics by Ukrstat.gov.ua. The same year, northeast Ukraine saw multiple attacks on Jews by the Red Army. Ukrainians (before the beginning of the 20th century such names as “Little Russians”, “Rusyns” and “Cossacks” prevailed) are the East Slavic people live mainly in Ukraine, as well as in large diasporas in Russia, the USA, Canada, and other countries. The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term 'Ukrainians' to all its citizens. Who immigrates to Canada, and where do they settle? Tips and Advice on Canada from Your Fellow Ukrainian Expats. The outbreak of war in 1914 terminated Ukrainian immigration. The Ukraine crisis is a power struggle between factions within Ukraine. Canada represented a … Canada population density. It is the 46th largest country in the world by area with 603,550 square kilometers. Younger men in the former Soviet Union also have an unusually high mortality rate, which has widened the population’s gender imbalance. Canada refugee statistics for 2017 was 104,768.00, a 7.65% increase from 2016. Crime > Violent crime > Rapes: 576 Ranked 28th. According to Canadian census figures, its Ukrainian population in 2006 was 129,265. In the fourth quarter, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic continued to dampen Alberta’s population growth. 635 Ranked 27th. Five years after Russia's annexation of Crimea, displaced Ukrainians continue to face challenges related to national identity, social cohesion, and political participation. Besides, the number of deaths significantly exceeds the number of births in Ukraine. Non-residents expand Ukrainian gov't bonds portfolio by another 8.5%, to US$3.9 bln 17:50 EU countries clear plan to ease cross-border tourism over summer – media 16:30 Analysis "Brother" at the gate. From 1921-51 the Ukrainian population doubled every census. He stated that there was a total loss of 7.5 million (7,509,045) including the dead and those taken as slave laborers to Germany. laboratory confirmed cases of the disease. Story continues below advertisement. Population 44.9 million . Ukraine receives the largest shares of remittances from Russia, United States, Germany, Material consists of documents created between 1898 and 1922 by the consular offices of the Russian Empire in Canada. Telephone. The current population of Ukraine is 43,486,631 as of Thursday, June 10, 2021, based on Worldometer elaboration of the latest United Nations data. Canada has the world's largest Ukrainian population outside of Ukraine and Russia. 264. Cities with the Highest Percentage of Ukrainians in the United States: United States Report: Percentage of Ukrainians Executive Order 13660 , signed on March 6, 2014, authorizes sanctions on individuals and entities responsible for violating the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine, or for stealing the assets of the Ukrainian people. 24. Prairie prosperity persuaded emigrants from the eastern provinces to migrate west within Canada rather than to depart for the United States. Click on the name of the country or dependency for current estimates (live population clock), historical data, and … The country has one of the lowest population densities in … In 2016, for every child born there were 1.5 deaths. As a result of poverty and lack of land, over 10 percent of the population of Western Ukraine, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, immigrated to the United States, Canada, and Latin American countries between the end of the 19th and the beginning of 20th century. Living Orthodoxy may help to explain this distribution: The three largest Orthodox jurisdictions in Canada are the Greek Orthodox Metropolitanate of Canada, with parishes throughout the country, especially in Ontario, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church in In fact, today China is the second largest source country for new immigrants. Nationalities Papers 6.1 (1978): 26–43. Density of population is calculated as permanently settled population of Canada divided by total area of the country. The Canada Population Pyramid displays age, sex and population data for 100 years. UNDP; Posted 26 … 7.30 Ukrainian hryven' per hour or 1218 Ukrainian hryven' per month. Ukraine’s football kit with map featuring Crimea causes outrage in Russia. When they arrived, Ukrainian immigrants did not settle on the open prairie lands which stretched across the southern half of the Prairie provinces. 2 130 665. deaths of people infected with coronavirus. Ukraine’s natives had been migrating to the country since 1890s. According to Mr. Wolowyna, persons of Ukrainian ancestry residing in the United States constitute only 0.3% of the total population. Population: 48,838,058. Major religion Christianity . 44% of immigrants were female (but only 14% of Asian immigrants), 67% had been in Canada more than 10 years and 40% lived in rural localities. 9 St. John’s Avenue Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada R2W 1G8. Ukranian American Demographics (Census 2000). 1 DellaPergola figures. Based on our research, Manitoba population will reach 1,351,482 (around 1.35 million) by the end of 2021 .The calculation is based on the average growth rate of … The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Ukraine was worth 153.78 billion US dollars in 2019, according to official data from the World Bank. Although the vast majority of the Ukrainian population in Canada was unmolested, this internment of 5,000 people is a dark chapter in Canadian history. More information about Ukraine is available from the Department of State and other sources, some of which are listed here: CIA World Factbook Ukraine Page U.S. Embassy USAID Ukraine Page History of U.S. Relations With Ukraine TIL Canada has the world's third-largest Ukrainian population behind Ukraine itself and Russia. The Liberal government of Canada, elected in 1896, actively promoted immigration to fill the The population of Canada was 10,376,786, of whom 22% were immigrants (i.e. The expectancy rate for men is only 66 years, partially due to the high rates of alcoholism among Ukrainian men. Both Greece and Rome established cities in the Ukraine when at the peak of their empires. Though agricultural backwardness had hindered Ukrainian communities in Europe, it actually helped Ukrainian-Canadian populations succeed on the Prairies, where the lack of agricultural development required knowledge of pioneer farming techniques. Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Ukraine was worth 153.78 billion US dollars in 2019, according to official data from the World Bank. Regional population leaped to almost two million in 1921, and from 5 percent to 22 percent of Canada's total population. Ukraine has been torn between east and west since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Between 2006 and 2011, over 122,000 Chinese nationals became permanent residents in Canada. Contact address. Population: 43,993,638 Brief History of Ukraine: Ukraine was first populated by nomadic tribes such as the Cimmerians, Scythians, and the Goths. Edmonton retains the largest Ukrainain population of any Canadian city with 125,720 while Ukrainians and their descendants make up the eighth largest ethnic group in Canada with a little over a million people. Birth rate: 9.41 births. Ukrainian Settlements in Manitoba Manitoba, especially its capital city Winnipeg, will always have great historical significance in the settlement of Ukrainians in Canada. 10% more than Canada 4,606 new cases and 178 new deaths in Ukraine [ source] Updates. In the 19th century, the Russian Empire ruled 80 per cent of In the 10th century, the Kievan Rus emerged as a growing city-state based out of the city of Kiev. In 2011, Canada boasted the highest proportion of foreign-born inhabitants of all the countries in the G8, outstripping Germany and the US, which recorded 2010 percentages of 13 … Ukraine and Russia Sanctions. Ukraine's population is reducing because of low birth rate, increased mortality (especially among males), low immigration and high emigration. Total area is the sum of land and water areas within international boundaries and coastlines of Canada. From 2014 until early 2019, the Government undertook key reforms. One of the factions wants to align with the European Union and the other with Russia. Manitoba, however, continued to boast the largest Ukrainian population in Canada with nearly 30% of all Ukrainian … (1) Semi-finished iron and steel mill products …US$537.3 million (44% of Ukraine … Men of colour: 71.5% 26. Belarus, and Russia are next to Ukraine in the North and Poland is to the West. The GDP value of Ukraine represents 0.13 percent of the world economy. This is fully ten per cent of total immigration to Canada during this time period. Ukraine’s economic freedom score is 56.2, making its economy the 127th freest in the 2021 Index. The majority of Ukrainian immigrants who entered Canada between 1905 and 1914 fell into this category. The high mortality rate is attributed to poor quality of life and limited access to health care. As one of the founding states of the Soviet Union, Ukraine had been an important contributor to … In 2019, about 82 per cent of the population growth came from the arrival of immigrants, and about 18 per cent came from new births, a number which is decreasing every year according to Statistics Canada. International Data Base (Time Series: various year - 2100) December 15, 2020. This country is home to more than 1.2 million Ukrainian-Canadians, the world's third-largest Ukrainian population behind Ukraine and Russia. A land of vast distances and rich natural resources, Canada became a self-governing dominion in 1867 while retaining ties to the British crown. In 1918, during the Polish-Ukrainian War, Polish soldiers and citizens of Lviv rampaged and killed 150 Jews. The purpose of these pages is to inform the general population about the Canadian Government's First National Internment Operations during the period of 1914-1920 which interned Ukrainian Canadians in Concentration Camps across Canada. In the 1980s, the Census Bureau released its first comprehensive set of estimates and projections for over 200 countries and areas of the world. Ukrainians - Overview. Situation in Ukraine. Since all other data is from DellaPergola, we are using his estimate for consistency. This was the first stopping place for groups of Ukrainian immigrants who dispersed from here to their final destination, the homesteads. Life … [11] Ukraine’s population has been steadily declining over the past three decades. ( 2 ) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, ( 3 ) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, ( 4 ) United Nations Statistical Division. As Russia descended into a brutal civil war and with the victory of the Bolsheviks and the formation of the USSR, the Second Wave of Ukrainian immigration to Canada occurred. Glory to Heroes!" Obviously, expat life in Canada goes well beyond shipping your belongings and taking care of red tape. Unofficial Languages: * Panjabi Chinese Spanish Italian German Cantonese Tagalog Arabic Mandarin Portuguese view • edit Canada is a country in the northern part of North America. Ukraine is a large country, the second in Europe with an area of 603,600 km² (233,050 mi²), and it is largely occupied by plains (in the east) and hills (in the west). Economically and technologically, the nation has developed in parallel with the US, its neighbor to the south across the world's longest unfortified border. The Eparchy of Saskatoon is an episcopal see of the Ukrainian Catholic Church in Canada. As Ukraine was a former part of the former USSR bloc (Socialist Republic of Soviet Union), this is expected, but to Russians and Ukrainians the differences will be as clear as the difference between Chinese and Thai […] He said Ukraine is grateful for all of Canada’s help to date, including being the first Western country to recognize Ukraine’s independence after leaving the Soviet Union in 1991. Ukrainian settlers arrived between 1891 and 1895, organized Ukrainian emigration from Galicia and Bukovyna to Canada began in 1896 and did not assume mass proportions prior to 1898. Ukraine - 2000. Viv Groskop asks the residents of … Of these, 47,730 had a ‘single,’ Ukrainian-only origin, while 119,440 claimed a ‘multiple’ (Ukrainian and other) origin. As of January 1, 2021, Alberta’s population was 4,436,258. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean. 75. 340 Laurier Avenue West, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0PQ (CSC), provincial and territorial correctional services. Ukraine – Crowned the World Soccer Champion 2019 FIFA Under 20 Cup Winner. Explore similarities and differences. Russia USA Canada Moldova Kazakhstan 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000 3,000,000 Other Ukrainian Diaspora Ukraine has one of the largest diaspora in the world, many of them maintaining cultural and economic linkages with the homeland. Russians return. UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, is today urging world leaders to step up their efforts to foster peace, stability and cooperation in order to halt and begin reversing nearly a decade-long trend of surging displacement driven by violence and persecution. But then you have us at Ukraine Living to guide you through the hell of scam-y websites. The U.S. Census Bureau has prepared international population estimates and projections since the 1960s. Read the Department of State’s COVID-19 page before you plan any international travel.. 15:45 Slogan "Glory to Ukraine! 5,138 new cases and 227 new deaths in Ukraine [ source] In the Etobicoke district of Toronto, the majority of the population is Ukrainian. Total Population: 827,974,000 Total Jews: 1,340,200. Ukraine receives the largest shares of remittances from Russia, United States, Germany, 420. recovered from the coronavirus. Ukraine’s population stands at a little more than 48 million—or at least it did in 2001, when the most recent census was taken. Ukrainian is the main language in western regions - … The first immigration consisted almost entirely of land-hungry peasants from the provinces of Galicia and Bukovina.Denied any opportunities to improve their lot in their homeland, they were attracted to Canada by its policy of granting virtually free lands or "homesteads" to settlers. Due to COVID-19, deaths in Alberta reached the highest quarterly level in the current data series, which dates back to 1971. The bishop is Bishop Bryan Joseph Bayda, C.SS.R., appointed in 2008. Prison administration. Public Safety Canada. The Ukraine crisis has become the bloodiest European conflict since the wars over the former Yugoslavia in the early 1990s -- but what triggered the violence and what is happening on the ground? Some 16,350 stated Ukrainian as their mother tongue. Latest News Ceasefire Violations, Treason Charges, and Ukraine’s Future Cyber Force Jun 11, 2021 The early weeks of June saw the continuation of […] Difference Between Ukrainian and Russian Ukrainian vs Russian To outsiders, a Ukraine person will look almost the same as a person from Russia. 1945-1955: Continued fight for liberation of Ukraine in … ( 1 ) United Nations Population Division. Eastern Orthodox population in Canada. Population Pyramid of Ukraine. You’ve heard the stories—Western men, desperate for love and companionship, journey to faraway places like Ukraine or Russia in the hopes of meeting Eastern European women. Canada. Reconsider travel to Ukraine due to COVID-19.Exercise increased caution due to crime and civil unrest.Some areas have increased risk. Ukrainian Canadians are Canada's eleventh largest ethnic group; Canada has the world's third-largest Ukrainian population behind Ukraine itself and Russia. Slightly more than 110,000 Ukrainian Canadians reported Ukrainian as their mother tongue, and more than half live in the Prairie Provinces. In Toronto, 8.5 percent of the population is black. A lot of Ukrainian dating sites have been popping up recently, full of outright scammers and time-wasters (or both). For instance, Factbook describes the population of Poland in the following way: “Polish 96.9%, Silesian 1.1%, German 0.2%, Ukrainian 0.1%, other and unspecified 1.7%”. The city of Winnipeg has had a large Ukrainian population since early in this century. National team shirt features map of Ukraine that includes Russian-annexed Crimea Published: 7 Jun 2021 . While this state fell prey to Mongol conquest, from the 14th until the 18th century, the western part of Ukraine became part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Sheshkin and Dashefsky estimate the U.S. Jewish population is approximately one million higher - 6,700,000 in 2019. 5,165 new cases and 203 new deaths in Ukraine [ source] Updates. This includes the descendants of those who moved to Canada in the late 20th century, many of whom speak neither Ukrainian nor Russian, and those who migrated in the last three decades. Recently it became easier for citizens of Ukraine to enter Canada, KP.ua reported. Countries in the world by population (2021) This list includes both countries and dependent territories.Data based on the latest United Nations Population Division estimates. New Pathway Ukrainian News | Новий Шлях Українські Вісті. Ukranian American Population Total population: 892,922 Median household income in 1999: 47,847 The states with the largest Ukrainian American populations are New York (148,700), Pennsylvania (122,291), California (83,125), New Jersey (73,809), and Illinois (47,623). The city proper has a population of Socializing with fellow Ukrainians is an important facet of living abroad and can be a huge stepping stone in getting to know the Canadian mentality and way of life. The total number of Ukrainian students in the country, as reported by the Canadian government , spiked by 420 percent over the past decade, from 525 in 2008 to 2,730 in 2018. Introduction. In 1971 the City of Toronto had the largest Ukrainian population with 22,620 (3.2 per cent) and second was the Borough of Etobicoke with 11,985 (4.2 per cent). 82,000 of them are Ukrainians. We have chosen the years between 1950-2050 for our Pyramid to show a balance of historical and future projections. UNDP and Canada expand network of mobile administrative service centres in eastern Ukraine [EN/UK] Format News and Press Release Source. With its 44,291,413 people, Ukraine is the 31st largest country in the world by population. Read the entire Travel Advisory. Crime > Violent crime > Rapes: 576 Ranked 28th. Ukrainian immigration to Canada peaked in 1949 and by 1951, there were nearly 400,000 Ukrainians in Canada, contributing significantly to the cultural fabric of the nation. Ukraine, with a population of 42 million, is scheduled to receive eight million vaccine doses under the Covax program that supplies low- and middle-income countries that … [48] The country is rich in natural resources, Ukraine has been fought over and subjugated for centuries. People of colour were almost a quarter (22%) of Canada’s labour force in 2016 and are expected to be over a third of the labour force (36%) in 2036.23. Since Ukrainians in Toronto constitute over 10 per cent of all Ukrainians in Canada they have a considerable impact on the entire Ukrainian Canadian community. In 2011, nearly 6,264,800 people identified themselves as a member of the visible minority population on the NHSquestionnaire. The term "Slavic" refers to an ethnic and linguistic group that is located in Central and Eastern Europe.Originally, the slaves were tribes living in Europe north of the Carpathians, and from the sixth century onward, with the fall of the Roman Empire and the withdrawal of the Germanic tribes that left for the south of Europe, they extended to the rest of the European continent as far as Siberia. +1 … At the height of the 1932-33 Ukrainian famine under Joseph Stalin, starving people roamed the countryside, desperate for something, anything to eat. World Population Prospects: 2019 Revision. As can be observed from the above population pyramid, Ukraine has a large population of citizens between about 20- 55 years of age. ... Data based on the latest United Nations Population Division estimates. 14 C. Toronto people (of the population) are fully vaccinated. Female life expectancy: 74.86 years. During the rest of the year, however, it is surprisingly clement. There are now 150,000 Russian expats living in London – and the crisis in Crimea is forcing them to take sides between east and west. 2,533 new cases and 89 new deaths in Ukraine [ source] Updates. Ministry responsible. As a senator from Minnesota, a state with a large Ukrainian-American community, I understand how important it is that Canada works with us to stand up to Russian aggression in Ukraine. Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe and the second-largest country in Europe after Russia. United Nations projections are also included through the year 2100. By 1948 the pre-war German population of 780,000 had been reduced by more than half. The population of the city is 1,100,000 people. born outside Canada). Ukraine Area and Population Density. An additional people (of the population) have been partially vaccinated since our … The provincial capital of Saskatchewan is Regina, which is also the second-largest city with 232,000 people. In 2006, 167,175 people in the province claimed Ukrainian ancestry. One way to see this is to look at the life expectancy of men and women and the differences between those numbers. The current life expectancy for Ukraine in 2021 is 72.23 years, a 0.19% increase from 2020.; The life expectancy for Ukraine in 2020 was 72.09 years, a 0.19% increase from 2019.; The life expectancy for Ukraine in 2019 was 71.96 years, a 0.19% increase from 2018. 43,733,762. Saskatoon is located in central Saskatchewan and has an estimated metropolitan population of 300,000 in 2014 with a population density of around 1,060 people per square kilometer, or 2,746 per square mile. In Canada, people (of the population) have received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. Ukraine’s population has been declining consistently since 1993 when it was 52.2 million people. Male life expectancy: 63.78 years. 11 Countries With Highest White Population - Insider Monkey GDP in Ukraine averaged 91.57 USD Billion from 1987 until 2019, reaching an all time high of 183.31 USD Billion in 2013 and a record low of 31.26 USD Billion in 2000. This led to a drop in natural increase. UKRAINIAN EXPORTS TO U.S. With a population of 47 million, Ukraine exported US$1.2 billion worth of merchandise to the United States in 2007, down 25.6% from 2006 and up 365% in 4 years. They represented about 1 out of every 5 people (19.1%) in Canada's total population. 2 223 978. new cases per day. In 2016, most of the population of people of colour was in the labor force: 66.5%. The war not only brought a halt to immigration, but it also placed restrictions on Ukrainians living in Canada. Since Ukraine was partly under the control of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, with which Canada was at war, Ukrainians were designated as foreign aliens. A land of vast distances and rich natural resources, Canada became a self-governing dominion in 1867 while retaining ties to the British crown. Stage of Demographic Transition. Explore similarities and differences. Traditional Demographic Transition Model. Infoplease is a reference and learning site, combining the contents of an encyclopedia, a dictionary, an atlas and several almanacs loaded with facts.
What Great Event Took Place At Gettysburg?, Yo Gabba Gabba A Very Awesome Live Holiday Show, Ashbourne Ireland Population, Londonderry Soccer Fields, Greek Boy Names That Start With K, Seal Team Trident Removed, Laminated Veneer Lumber Disadvantages, Does Community Blood Center Test For Covid Antibodies, Holland Bulbs Ship To Canada, Composite Materials Vtu Notes, I Have Never Seen You Before, Kimball Electronics Address,