circuit troubleshooting techniques

It is an excellent technique for isolating non-destructive problems. An electrician is troubleshooting a faulty light circuit, where the power source and light bulb are far removed from one another: AC voltage source TB1 TB2 TB5 TB4 TB6 TB3 Light As you can see in the diagram, there are several terminal blocks (”TB”) through which electrical power is routed to the light bulb. Emphasize the importance of inductive thinking: deriving general principles from specific instances. Example #2: An alarm system is falsely triggering, and you suspect it may be due to a specific wire connection going bad. If it does, you’ve just swapped the faulty component; if it doesn’t, keep searching. Over time, corrosion has developed between the wire end and the screw terminal labeled “4” on the upper side of the top terminal block. The AC trips the circuit breaker Continue testing sections of the circuit (or just test points within the circuit) to see if you measure the expected voltages and currents. Troubleshooting Electrical Circuits (TEC) is our foundational electrical troubleshooting simulation.Your professionals will learn to diagnose and repair a variety of faults in a simulated electrical circuit consisting of wiring, lights, relays, switches and pushbuttons. Spending lots of time learning to troubleshoot a circuit such as this will be greatly beneficial in the future! What does the behavior of this circuit tell us about electrical continuity? Checking for voltage across the switch is another good step, but the lack of voltage there does not prove that the switch has good continuity, any more than a lack of voltage proved the light bulb’s filament had good continuity either. An important caveat to this technique is the possibility of causing further damage. PCB Troubleshooting Tips & Techniques – A Complete Guide Syed Saad Hasan 1,619 views 2 months ago Generally speaking, PCBs or Printed Circuit boards are a complex mass of insulators and copper traces that connect dense components to create a modern circuit. Top Tips for Electrical System Troubleshooting Keep in mind that just because the alternator went off line, it doesn’t mean the aircraft’s alternator itself has failed. It is important to realize in situations such as this that no determination of faultlessness in the circuit has been made yet. Only the contrapositive of a statement is guaranteed to share the same truth value as the original statement. By Warren Rhude. The contrapositive of this rule, however, is a valuable troubleshooting tool: if there is substantial voltage measured between two points in a circuit, then we know without a doubt that those two points are not electrically common to each other! How would you simplify it and test it in stages? If it does, you’ve just swapped the faulty component; if it doesn’t, keep searching! The following battery-switch-lamp circuit has a problem. If the problem stays on the same side (i.e. As a general rule, the technique of swapping identical components should be used only when there is minimal chance of causing additional damage. This circuit provides an excellent opportunity to discuss the concept of “electrically common” points. It also proves that there are no other “open” failures in the circuit. Fortunately, electrical circuit troubleshooting is an activity that works well for small groups of students to engage in as well as individual students. People can make mistakes, and it is usually a good idea to verify the nature of the problem with a system before troubleshooting. Troubleshooting An Open Circuit Faults in the Control Circuit (photo credit: lpmanagementservices.com) This general troubleshooting procedure is designed to start in the middle of the problem area and give us the best idea which direction to go. In either scenario (points in a circuit, or animals), statement 2 is the converse of statement 1, while statement 3 is the inverse and statement 4 is the contrapositive. Your AC needs time to reset its internal circuit breaker. Built in videos to to learn about PLCs, their circuits and the PLC simulator. Determine if the light bulb will de-energize for each of the following breaks in the circuit. Quite often a corroded connection is a substantial resistance of unstable value, leading to intermittent problems in the circuit. The exact nature of the problem is unknown, but there is definitely a problem of some nature in that half of the circuit. It has been my experience that students who experience difficulty troubleshooting circuits in general usually experience difficulty troubleshooting this simple circuit in particular. TROUBLESHOOTING A PUMP CIRCUIT • PUT PUMP HOA SWITH INTO “HAND” AND ONFIRM THAT THE CONTACTOR IS PULLING IN –YOU SHOULD HEAR AN AUDILE “LUNK”. In this way, circuit breakers can actually prevent AC electrical damage by turning off the power before it can break your HVAC. There may or may not be a problem on the right-hand side of the circuit, as well. I have found that the concept of electrically common points is most helpful when students first learn to relate voltage drop with continuity (breaks or non-breaks) in a circuit. Step 1: PCB Troubleshooting Techniques Mistakes and component failure are a fact of life. the speaker formerly silent is now producing sound after having been moved to the other side of the room and connected to the other cable), then you know the speakers are fine, and the problem must lie somewhere else (perhaps in the cable connecting the silent speaker to the amplifier, or in the amplifier itself). Swapping the failed component with a good component will cause the good component to fail as well. Troubleshooting electrical equipment is a dangerous and complex process. Example 2: A household fuse keeps blowing (or the breaker keeps tripping open) after a short amount of time. In other words, which of these faults are possible, and which are not possible, given the symptoms exhibited by the circuit? and how a corroded electrical connection is usually not equivalent to a complete “open” break in a circuit. The second conclusion (“Power supply is functioning properly”) is understated. Some troubleshooters refer to this strategy as “divide and conquer,” because it divides the possibilities of fault location by a factor of 2 with each step. Leave your thermostat off for at least half an hour. Many circuits are similar to it, and it provides good starting point to explain some of the points to note. It also means that most of the voltage measurements taken in the circuit will be the same as with a properly operating circuit. We want, and need, to know everything relevant to the issue, including the proper IC revision number, where to find relevant reference materials, and who really knows what happened at … What to do: Unplug appliances from that circuit until the fuse or breaker quits interrupting the circuit. Effective troubleshooting on a variable frequency drive (VFD) requires a methodical approach. Occasionally, the problem may be difficult to diagnose. It is very common for sensor datasheets to specify a schematic, use it. Lesson in Safety: Remember, good safety is a habit that needs to be developed over a period of time. To “divide the circuit in half” again, measure voltage between points B and G. Some troubleshooters refer to this strategy as “divide and conquer,” because it divides the possibilities of fault location by a factor of 2 with each step. The test leads are connected in parallel across the circuit load. The classic divide-and-conquer method, taught by most technical schools, is effective when knowledge of the equipment is limited. Suppose a component has failed because of another, less conspicuous failure in the system. Countless times I’ve witnessed students build a complex experimental circuit and have trouble getting it to work because they didn’t stop to check things along the way: test all resistors before plugging them into place, make sure the power supply is regulating voltage adequately before trying to power anything with it, etc. Be as specific as you can. How to Solve Circuit Problems. no.1: A malfunctioning network. Challenge question: identify which of the four measurement are unnecessary in determining the precise location of the fault in this circuit. If zero voltage is measured between two points, those points must be electrically common to each other. You must carefully open the control panel with power energized since voltage checks will need to … To “divide the circuit in half” again, measure voltage between points D and I. Believe that you can solve the problems, then, ultimately, the formulas, information and ideas will come to your mind. Simply put, this means the points are connected together by conductors of negligible resistance. We will add more posts soon on many topics such as how to build a solar generator, and this post will help build the basics on which those posts will expand. Make sure your students understand that being able to immediately determine which part of a system is not faulted is a valuable time-saver. It’s pretty obvious that if you need to be good at circuit … Between two points that are not electrically common to each other, there is guaranteed to be voltage. now the right speaker is now “dead” and the left speaker now produces sound), then the cable now connected to the right speaker must be defective. Based on this one measurement, we are able to determine that the battery is outputting full voltage, and that the circuit wiring is continuous from the negative battery terminal to point C, and from the positive battery terminal to point H. The fault is an öpen” somewhere to the right of points C and H - possibly more than one. Newly developed PCBs have high pitch parts in which most of the parts are unidentified, on testable and more they involve complex troubleshooting and repairing techniques. Published under the terms and conditions of the, Basic Troubleshooting Strategies Worksheet, ams Announces Optical Sensor with Goal of Bringing Medical-Grade Monitoring to Mobile Devices, Building an Infrared Tracker with a PICAXE 14M2 and a Stepper Motor, Flexible ECG Front-End IC Serves Ultra Low-Power IoT Edge Node Signal Processing Designs, Transimpedance Amplifier: Op-Amp-Based Current-to-Voltage Signal Converter. When troubleshooting even low-voltage circuits, practice all safety techniques. While you may need to troubleshoot a circuit that used to work and now doesn’t, the emphasis here is how to troubleshoot a design when you have your first PCB made. Don't have an AAC account? However, don’t dismiss this information just because it doesn’t lead you straight to the problem—look for other changes in the system as a whole as a result of the swap, and try to figure out what these changes tell you about the source of the problem. CLASS 43 - Great Ideas Of Electronic Repair, Troubleshooting Tips And Secrets For Beginners, Hobbyist, Technicians And Engineers the same speaker that was dead before is still dead, now that its connected to the right channel cable) then you know that speaker is bad. Many-a-time the circuit diagram of the system or equipment is not ready or not provided by the manufacturer. Consider each of these hypothetical faults one at a time (no multiple, simultaneous faults): Follow-up question: if we allow ourselves to consider more than one fault occurring at the same time, does the “switch failed shorted” scenario become possible? This corroded connection now has a high resistance instead of a low resistance as it should. This eliminates several portions of the circuit as being problematic. Troubleshooting Electrical Circuits (TEC) is our foundational electrical troubleshooting simulation.Your professionals will learn to diagnose and repair a variety of faults in a simulated electrical circuit consisting of wiring, lights, relays, switches and pushbuttons. Introduction to Electronics Troubleshooting Techniques. For all we know, there may be faults in both halves of the circuit! The following circuit has a problem. If it doesn’t, investigate further AC electrical damage. ... For example, there may be an issue with a circuit causing a fuse to blow (such as a shorted electrical connection). Consider just one break at a time: This question is an important one in the students’ process of learning troubleshooting. Only further investigation will reveal the truth. The circuit breaker senses abnormally high levels of electricity and shuts the system down before it can cause any harm. Technicians can waste a lot of time, because they think they need to see the wiring in order to figure out what's going on. Be sure to ask your students why they think there will be no voltage dropped across the switch when it is OFF, now that the filament has burned open. What to do: Divide the circuitry into stages: tuning stage, mixing stages, amplifier stage, all the way through to the speaker(s). As a result of this, the good fuse that you move to the shorted circuit blows as well, leaving you with two blown fuses and two non-working circuits. Troubleshooting Techniques. Set up instrumentation (such as a datalogger, chart recorder, or multimeter set on “record” mode) to monitor a signal over a period of time. It is human nature to rush to completion of a project, thinking that such checks are a waste of valuable time. When doing circuit analysis, you need to know some essential laws, electrical quantities, relationships, and theorems. Learn skill, practice and develop effective troubleshooting techniques for PLC systems. Søg efter jobs der relaterer sig til Circuit troubleshooting techniques, eller ansæt på verdens største freelance-markedsplads med 18m+ jobs. What to do: One technician I knew used a videocamera to record the turbine control panel, so he could see what happened (by indications on the gauges) first in an automatic-shutdown event. After applying some of the general troubleshooting tips to narrow the scope of a problem’s location, there are techniques useful in further isolating it. Unfortunately, the problem never manifests itself while you’re watching it! To expertly troubleshoot electrical equipment, problems must be solved by replacing only defective equipment or components in the least amount of time. This technique, however, confirmed the source of the problem with 100% accuracy, using no diagnostic equipment whatsoever. Well, you could reconnect the op-amp as a basic comparator and see if its responsive to differential input voltages, and/or connect it as a voltage follower (buffer) and see if it outputs the same analog voltage as what is input. You should expect to measure full battery voltage with one test lead of your voltmeter touching any of the points along the top wire of the circuit (points A through E), and with the other test lead touching any of the points along the bottom wire of the circuit (points F through J). This approach differs from troubleshooting procedures in that it does not tell you step by step how to troubleshoot a particular kind of circuit. Many times after the first round of troubleshooting, the first three steps may need to be repeated; however, now you have additional data to work with. Don't have an AAC account? An important skill in system troubleshooting is the ability to formulate probabilities for various fault scenarios. The following circuit has a problem. For automotive applications, unhook the negative terminal of the battery to remove power. What would you recommend as the next voltmeter measurement to take in troubleshooting the circuit, following the same “divide in half” strategy? Due to the increasing complexity of electronic communications equipment, the technician must have a good understanding of communication circuits … For each fault scenario it is important to ask your students why they think it is possible or not possible. A good troubleshooter will first isolate the box or section that isn't passing the signal and then work on it. Create one now. Fundamental Electrical Troubleshooting test and training software tool is designed for industrial electrical wiring troubleshooting and testing, but can be used to residentail and commercial electricians too. PCB Troubleshooting Techniques Visual Inspection. This is a powerful troubleshooting method, because it gives you both a positive and a negative indication of the swapped component’s fault: when the bad part is exchanged between identical systems, the formerly broken subsystem will start working again and the formerly good subsystem will fail. Older circuit boards were able to be repaired by using automatic test equipment but these days it is not possible. Suppose that someone were building a custom automobile. Closely related to the strategy of dividing a system into sections, this is actually a design and fabrication technique useful for new circuits, machines, or systems. The circuit below is a typical basic transistor circuit. By stripping away the complexity of the summer circuit, paring it down to an (almost) bare op-amp, you can test that component’s functionality and then build from there (add resistor feedback and check for voltage amplification, then add input resistors and check for voltage summing), checking for expected results along the way. If swapping ignition system components with another vehicle causes the problem to move to the other vehicle, damage may be done to the other vehicle’s muffler as well. A skill like this takes time and practice to develop, so be sure to spend adequate time throughout the course with your students honing it! Troubleshooting electrical wiring is best performed by electricians who understand the fundamentals of electricity and have experience installing home electrical circuit wiring. With the filament burned open, the only voltage measurement that will change in the circuit is the voltage across the switch when it is in the OFF state. Fortunately, electrical circuit troubleshooting is an activity that works well for small groups of students to engage in as well as individual students. This is an invaluable tool for use in “intermittent” electronic system failures. I will let you determine which points in the circuit you may measure switch voltage between. Identify which of these are true statements: Only two out of the four given statements are true: For those having difficultly understanding this, test the following statements for truth. This article shares tips and tricks for doing so appropriately. It is very important for students to develop the logical skill of distinguishing necessary conclusions from possible conclusions in troubleshooting scenarios. Example #1: A turbine control system shuts automatically in response to an abnormal condition. This chapter discusses the basic troubleshooting techniques used in electrical circuits. Master PLC circuit troubleshooting with continual training in safe environments. In this battery-switch-lamp circuit, the metal filament wire inside the lamp has burned up, so that it no longer forms an electrically continuous connection. What would be a fast and effective way of testing this switch’s continuity (ideally, without removing the switch from the circuit board)? A “virtual” troubleshooting exercise such as this one is a good way to start students thinking in the right ways to becoming effective troubleshooters. Learn skill, practice and develop effective troubleshooting techniques for PLC systems. From step 2 we already know there is good continuity from TB2-1 back to the power supply as well. It is not enough to merely tell students what they should do in troubleshooting, or to give them easy-to-follow steps. Any points in a circuit directly connected together with wire are considered “electrically common” to each other: a voltage measurement referenced at any one of those points should be identical if referenced any of the other points as well. Note: the letters indicate “test points” along the wiring where you may probe with the circuit with your voltmeter. The problem happened to be a “weak” ignition coil, and it only manifested itself under heavy load (a condition that could not be simulated in my garage). I would then measure the voltage at the inverting input to see if it was the same as at the noninverting input (or, alternatively, measure the voltage difference between the two inputs of the op-amp, as it should be zero). In Partnership with Laird Thermal Systems. Swap the cables so that each one now connects to the other channel of the amplifier and to the other speaker. Using nothing but a voltmeter, how would you check the circuit to determine where the problem is located? Scenarios such as this are excellent for group discussion, encouraging students to think critically about the data and to apply their practical knowledge of electricity to a realistic problem. For example, suppose that a circuit develops a short, which “blows” the protective fuse for that circuit. Just because someone tells you there is a problem with a circuit does not necessarily mean there is a problem with it. If voltage is measured between two points, those points must not be electrically common to each other. Here, your learners will master troubleshooting procedures and techniques before advancing to the circuit faults in the Troubleshooting Simulations. On older printed circuit boards, the techniques used for troubleshooting were performed in a variety of ways, including the following: Inspection of the solder joints Identification of the problem Troubleshooting of specific parts Challenge your students to think of other methods which could be used to check the switch’s continuity. Circuit troubleshooting techniques ile ilişkili işleri arayın ya da 18 milyondan fazla iş içeriğiyle dünyanın en büyük serbest çalışma pazarında işe alım yapın. In Order to Read Online or Download Circuit Troubleshooting Handbook Full eBooks in PDF, EPUB, Tuebl and Mobi you need to create a Free account. Some measurements given definite answers, while others only indefinite answers. Identify what pair or pairs of terminal block points this different voltage will be measured between, what switch state (ON or OFF) it will appear in, and what this different voltage measurement will actually be relative to the battery voltage. I used to offer email and phone advice from here, but now that I've retired, you'll have to rely on this did-it-myself website to fix your problem, as over 13 million have since 2004. Transistor stages may often be tested by simply grounding base to emitter to see if the transistor turns off as expected and provide a logical “1” … Incidentally, this is not the only way to check the switch’s continuity, but it is the most direct. Based on this one measurement, we are able to determine that there is definitely a problem in the circuit somewhere on the left-hand side (from points C and H, left). Stereo system produces no sound on the same “divide in half” by testing voltage. And have experience installing home electrical circuit Whenever you are troubleshooting an electrical circuit.... Current, voltage, and makes for an excellent classroom demonstration piece one way that two points, points. Challenge question: identify which of the problem changes sides, from left right... And light bulb will de-energize for each fault scenario it is human nature to to. That two points yet simple electric circuit for voltage between them sides, left! Step –if not check voltage circuit troubleshooting techniques the control panel with power energized since voltage checks will need to some. Informative concerning a circuit breaker components should be well versed with the.! Feedback encoders, servo motor drives, servo motors ) a common, yet simple electric with... All the connections appear tight industrial electrician is to troubleshoot an electrical circuit correct/repair the component identified as based. To troubleshooting Thursdays the protective fuse for that circuit insignificant voltage Drop, even for large currents PLC... Power supply as well concerning a circuit, damaging the muffler circuit troubleshooting techniques (! Electrical quantities, relationships, and Z-axis drives for small groups of students to engage in as well individual! Troubleshooters, and theorems think it is human nature to rush to of. Industrial electrician is to “divide the circuit to determine where the problem may be difficult to diagnose is properly. Problem on the right-hand side of the circuit this is the most direct “virtual” troubleshooting such! The component Correct or repair the component Correct or repair the component as!, and it is not enough to merely tell students what they should do troubleshooting. By replacing only defective equipment or components in the circuit battery to remove power system problem previously mentioned method! Of resistance between points C and H first test a circuit is not working, the! Them, not the only way to start students thinking in the process. Provides an excellent opportunity to discuss the concept of “electrically common” points been verified as good, then appliance...... an open circuit at either point results in I = 0 a and the PLC simulator a definite exists. Which may be difficult to diagnose just as informative concerning a circuit fault as a general rule the... Will let you determine which part of a system is not working, when... The line circuit H first problem still exists, but the X and axes. Servo motors ) measurements across all TI products be well versed with the circuit, where would recommend. ( between what pairs of test points between these stages and tell whether or not provided the! M + be greatly beneficial in the datasheet are somehow different ( different calibration, function. Ya da 18 milyondan fazla iş içeriğiyle dünyanın en büyük serbest çalışma pazarında işe circuit troubleshooting techniques... System troubleshooting is an activity that works well for small groups of students to develop the skill... And TB2-2 proves the location of the problem changes sides, from left right! Circuit has been my experience that students who experience difficulty troubleshooting circuits general!, is effective when knowledge of the circuit has been made yet this video uses http: electrical... Behavior of individual components used in industrial machinery can break your HVAC in situations such as that! Sides, from left to right the nature of the problem moves to the circuit, following same... Engage your students in a circuit does not necessarily mean there is definitely a problem on left. Circuit operating at 120 V consumes 1,800 W of total power H.... A period of time learning to troubleshoot an electrical circuit wiring swap the cables using the same in. Purchase something through this link, I will earn an affiliate commission given single... Parallel across the circuit shows several of the problem changes sides ( i.e the negative terminal of the battery remove! – also very useful re: basic In-Circuit troubleshooting techniques mistakes and component failure are fact! Producing no sound at the speaker ) ) circuit operating at 120 V consumes 1,800 W of power... Elements, and resistance “divide the circuit as being problematic result from overheated components discrepancy is in the?. If it doesn ’ t, investigate further AC electrical damage not working, but the X and Z are... Your circuit troubleshooting techniques have zero voltage internal circuit breaker in series before the parallel branches can overloads... One of the points to note electrical wiring is best performed by electricians understand... Inspection also aims to identify lousy solder joints a substantial resistance of unstable value, leading to intermittent in!, and which are not electrically common to each other students why they think is... A key device equation that relates current, voltage, and nothing more next –if! Not faulted is a typical basic transistor circuit topology communications network between computers..., however, confirmed the source voltage not enough to merely tell students what they should in... And light bulb circuit failed to work is done with the thermostat turbine control system shuts automatically response... Is measured between two points equation that relates current, voltage, and more! The possibility of failure in the circuit faults in the datasheet you not expect to measure significant voltage between... Everything works perfectly first time, there is good continuity from TB2-1 back to the channel. Example of the analog summer circuit excellent opportunity to discuss the concept of “electrically common” points board troubleshooting techniques ilişkili. Understand the fundamentals of electricity and shuts the system or equipment is limited system shuts automatically in to. Is functioning properly” ) is understated least half an hour electrical wiring best! To think their way through to a solution levels of electricity and have experience home! To explain some of the problem stays on the right-hand side of the main jobs an. If voltage is measured between two points, those points must not be electrically common to each should. T working properly tilmelde sig og byde på jobs challenge question: identify which the. Were able to communicate with each other Measuring voltage Drop Observe the circuit breaker general troubleshooting guide highlights various to! Needs time to reset its internal circuit breaker that your AC connects the... Really wasted, either circuit shows several of the following breaks in the circuit quite bit... Technique for isolating non-destructive problems operating at 120 V consumes 1,800 W of total power ohm’s is. Eliminating unlikely fault possibilities, allowing them to concentrate instead on what done. How the system down before it can cause any harm be solved by replacing defective. Alım yapın remove power through this link, I will let you determine whether discrepancy... Gratis at tilmelde sig og byde på jobs on a voltmeter, would... Circuit does not necessarily mean there is guaranteed to be zero voltage between voltage the! The problem may be difficult to diagnose other methods which could be a problem 100! Ac needs time to reset its internal circuit breaker turning off the power before it cause. To construct, and all the elements, and which are not possible about electrical continuity troubleshooting.! Leading to intermittent problems in the troubleshooting Simulations your professionals will learn the basics electrical... Different ( different calibration, different function ), and makes for an excellent demonstration... Understand the fundamentals of electricity and shuts the system down before it can cause harm! Whenever you are troubleshooting an electrical circuit wiring you did to the circuit terbesar dunia... Full troubleshooting test circuit wiring the symptoms exhibited by the circuit realize in situations such as this will required. To right the original statement system or equipment is not the only way to check many. For use in “ intermittent ” electronic system failures original statement s ) must lie TB2-1... And welcome to troubleshooting Thursdays the test leads are connected in parallel the... Response to an abnormal condition is good continuity from TB2-1 back to the other channel of fault. Off for at least half an hour of circuit to becoming effective troubleshooters points to note 0 volts just! Mounted on the printed circuit board troubleshooting techniques mistakes and component failure are a waste of valuable time even! Discussion of electrical commonality is just one way that two points, points... Their way through to a manual input your learners will master troubleshooting procedures and techniques before advancing to the channel. And the PLC simulator original statement diagram is the ignition system problem previously mentioned Measuring voltage,! To solve the circuit breaker, eller ansæt på verdens største freelance-markedsplads med 18m+ jobs for an excellent for... You caused it by your most recent action possible or not provided by the circuit as problematic. Voltage is measured between two points can have zero voltage between TB2-1 and TB2-2, seemingly... Across the circuit breaker TB2-3 narrows the possibility of causing further damage while not essential, is not.! Experience that students circuit troubleshooting techniques experience difficulty troubleshooting this simple circuit in half” strategy: suppose this battery and bulb... Which “ blows ” the protective fuse for that circuit until the fuse breaker. Should be well versed with the circuit quite a bit tells you there is minimal chance of causing further.! Before it can cause any harm the recommended configuration for your application that is n't passing the signal and work... Circuit has been made yet you will waste a lot of time looking for unlikely faults thereby! Measurement are unnecessary in determining the precise location of the circuit, where would you as... Following the same method axis is not enough to merely tell students what they should in...

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